I worked with a mid sized Canadian municipality that committed to ambitious housing targets while its permitting process still ran on a decade old paper system.

1, Permit applications routinely sat for months waiting on sequential sign offs across separate departments
2, Housing starts fell well short of targets every year the process stayed unchanged
3, Adding more permitting staff helped marginally, but the sequential process itself was still the actual bottleneck

I worked with a school board where teachers were losing hours every week to attendance logs, report formatting, and administrative requests that had nothing to do with teaching.

1, Teachers reported spending several hours a week on tasks that had nothing to do with instruction
2, Administrative backlog meant report cards and progress updates went out later than families expected
3, Hiring more administrative staff was not in the budget, and would not have fixed the actual workflow